VALEUR SOCIO-CULTURELLE DES PLANTES ALIMENTAIRES: UN FACTEUR DE PRÉSERVATION

Abstract

Methods: An ethnobotanical study was conducted in 38 of forty ethnic groups in Togo between 2003 and 2010 in order to encourage the recovery of minor food crops or underutilized plants. Semi structural interviews were used. Minor and underutilized food plants involved in socio-cultural roles were determined. Results: Of the 137 minor food or endangered species identified , 47 species regrouped into 19 species and 36 local varieties possess socio- cultural roles for the surveyed populations. 33 plants provide to people a role in cultural identity or marker , defining lunar calendars and cropping , prosperity or affirmation in society and liberation or freedom from bondage. The establishment of good neighborly relations and hospitality, protection against thieves and pests and ceremonial roles or worship roles involve twenty plants. Some plants have the same role in most ethnic groups. Other roles are insured by different plants according to people. Conclusion: These plants mark the material and ideal relations between man and nature as well as an essential part of the foundation and functioning of whole society. Their loss can cause a loss of symbolic capital and more broadly, a breakdown of social relations.