Periurbanisation et Transport Artisanal a Yaounde (Cameroun) - Caroline, Amagnouba Tchio; Yannick, Mendouga; Marthe Aime, Elong Ngando Epossy; Gabriel, Nguijoi Cyrille; Sinclair, Namekong Dagha (European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2021)
La crise Ã©conomique de la fin des annÃ©es 1980, a entrainÃ© avec elle, la libÃ©ralisation des services qui, autrefois, Ã©taient lâ€™apanage de lâ€™Etat, notamment le transport urbain. Cependant, la croissance dÃ©mographique et lâ€™Ã©talement urbain spontanÃ© ont Ã leur tour contribuÃ© Ã mettre Ã mal le systÃ¨me de transport urbain au Cameroun. Cette situation a favorisÃ© un besoin en mobilitÃ© urbaine et pÃ©ri-urbaine qui reste prÃ©occupant pour les populations dont la majeure partie dâ€™activitÃ©s socio-Ã©conomiques se concentrent au centre urbain. Lâ€™inadÃ©quation, mieux, lâ€™absence de politiques publiques en matiÃ¨re de transport fait que lâ€™Etat peine Ã satisfaire ce besoin, laissant entrevoir le dÃ©veloppement dâ€™un moyen de transport dit Â« artisanal Â» dans les villes camerounaises telles que YaoundÃ©. Ce travail sâ€™appuie sur lâ€™enquÃªte de terrain et lâ€™analyse des sources diachroniques et synchroniques existantes sur la ville de YaoundÃ© et de ses localitÃ©s pÃ©riurbaines. Il montre comment, malgrÃ© la prÃ©sence du transport institutionnel, le Â« transport artisanal Â» est devenu depuis prÃ¨s de deux dÃ©cennies, le principal outil de maintien de la mobilitÃ© centre-pÃ©riphÃ©rie. The economic crisis of the late 1980s brought with it the liberalisation of the services that were previously the prerogative of the state, notably urban transport. However, population growth and spontaneous urban sprawl have in turn contributed to the undermining of the urban transport system in Cameroon. This situation has led to a need for urban and peri-urban mobility which remains a concern for populations whose socio-economic activities are concentrated in the urban centre. The inadequacy, or rather, the absence, of public policies on transport means that the state is struggling to meet this need, leading to the development of a so-called ’artisanal’ or â€˜craftâ€™ means of transport in Cameroonian cities such as Yaounde. This work is based on field surveys and the analysis of existing diachronic and synchronic sources on the city of Yaounde and its peri-urban localities. It shows how, despite the presence of institutional transport, ’artisanal transport’ has become, for nearly two decades, the main tool to maintain centre-periphery mobility.