Caracteristiques Du SystÃ¨me D’exploitation Des Poulets Locaux Dans Deux Zones Agro-Ecologiques (Sud Forestier Et Centre Savanicole) De La CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire - Etienne, Loukou Nâ€™Goran; Kouhana, Soro; Brahima, Soro; Xavier, Rognon; Boniface, Kayang B.; Karim Issaka, Youssao Abdou; Valentine, Yapi-GnaorÃ© Chia Valentine (European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2021)
Les poulets locaux, malgrÃ© leur rÃ´le important dans lâ€™aviculture ivoirienne, souffrent de leur faible productivitÃ©. Pour contribuer Ã lâ€™amÃ©lioration de leur productivitÃ©, une Ã©tude descriptive a Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ©e sur son Ã©levage auprÃ¨s 206 paysans natifs de deux zones agro-Ã©cologiques Ã lâ€™aide dâ€™un questionnaire. Les rÃ©sultats indiquent les paysans exploitent les poulets locaux dans un systÃ¨me exclusivement extensif. Lâ€™aviculture villageoise est une activitÃ© dominÃ©e par les hommes (79,60 %) et la considÃ©rant comme secondaire (97 %). La plupart de ces aviculteurs sont analphabÃ¨tes (52,5 %). La rusticitÃ© et la qualitÃ© organoleptique des produits constituent les principales motivations en faveur de cet Ã©levage dans 82 % cas en moyenne. Ils ont dÃ©butÃ© lâ€™Ã©levage par achat (59 %) dâ€™un petit noyau initial, par don ou par hÃ©ritage (41 %) en zone de forÃªt et par confiage (60 %) en zone de savane. La 1Ã¨re ponte dâ€™une poulette intervient en moyenne Ã 6 mois dâ€™Ã¢ge (52,5 %). Un faible effectif (23 poulets) composÃ© en majoritÃ© de jeunes sujets (55,21 %), de poules (33,19 %) et de coqs (11,40%) a Ã©tÃ© observÃ© dans les cheptels. Le plein air intÃ©gral (73,30 %) a Ã©tÃ© le mode privilÃ©giÃ© dâ€™Ã©levage en zone de savane. Les Ã©pizooties (54,35 %) et les prÃ©dateurs (38 %) ont Ã©tÃ© les premiÃ¨res causes de mortalitÃ©. Les produits d’Ã©levage issus de ce systÃ¨me ont Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©s en autoconsommation (62 %) en zone de forÃªt et vendus (65 %) en zone de savane. La levÃ©e des contraintes caractÃ©risant le systÃ¨me le systÃ¨me extensif pourrait aider Ã lâ€™amÃ©lioration de la productivitÃ© des poules locales. Local chickens play an important role in Ivorian poultry farming, but this animal resource suffers from its low productivity. In order to contribute to the improvement of this productivity, a descriptive study was carried out on its breeding among two hundred and six (206) farmers who were native to two agro-ecological zones using a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that these farmers are exploiting local chickens in an extensive system exclusively. Village poultry farming is an activity dominated by men (79.60%) and considered secondary (97%). Most of these poultry farmers are illiterate (52.5%) and the rusticity and organoleptic quality of the products are the main motivations for this breeding in an average of 82% cases. They began breeding by purchasing a small nucleus (59%), by gifts or inheritance (41%) in the Forest zone and by entrusting (60%) in the Savannah zone. The first laying of a pullet occurs on average at 6 months of age (52.5%) and the early pullet lays its first eggs between 4 and 6 months (13%). A few chickens (23), the majority of which were youngsters (55.21%), hens (33.19%) and roosters (11.40%), were observed in the flocks. In Savannah areas, free-range rearing (73.30%) was the preferred method of rearing. Epizootics (54.35%) and predators (38%) were the main causes of mortality. The livestock products from this system were used for self-consumption (62%) in the forest zone and sold (65%) in the Savannah zone. Removing the constraints that characterize the extensive system could help to improve the productivity of local chickens.