Evaluation des Effets des Accords Euro-Mediterraneens sur les Echanges Commerciaux Marocains: Enseignements dâ€™un Modele de Gravite - Mikdam, Zineb (European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2021)
Cet article sâ€™intÃ©resse Ã lâ€™Ã©tude de lâ€™impact du processus dâ€™intÃ©gration du Maroc dans lâ€™espace euro-mÃ©diterranÃ©en en particulier en termes dâ€™Ã©changes commerciaux, en examinant les effets de la politique libreÃ©changiste adoptÃ©e par le Maroc dans lâ€™espace euro-mÃ©diterranÃ©en et son intÃ©rÃªt dans la promotion du potentiel commercial du pays. A travers une modÃ©lisation Ã©conomÃ©trique basÃ©e sur lâ€™approche gravitationnelle qui semble Ãªtre dâ€™une grande utilitÃ©, lâ€™Ã©tude a permis de distinguer entre les effets des accords de libre-Ã©change conclus par le Maroc avec les pays arabes mÃ©diterranÃ©ens et la Turquie dâ€™une part, et avec lâ€™UE dâ€™autre part. De mÃªme, ce modÃ¨le a permis dâ€™apprÃ©cier lâ€™intÃ©rÃªt de la variable gravitationnelle Ã savoir, la distance et ses effets explicatifs du commerce marocain intrarÃ©gional. Il est Ã noter dâ€™aprÃ¨s cette Ã©tude Ã©conomÃ©trique que les accords de libre-Ã©change ont certainement contribuÃ© Ã la croissance des Ã©changes du Maroc avec ses partenaires mÃ©diterranÃ©ens, alors que dâ€™autres facteurs, Ã savoir la distance, le taux de change et lâ€™existence dâ€™une langue commune influencent positivement mais dâ€™une maniÃ¨re nÃ©gligeable les Ã©changes commerciaux du Maroc dans lâ€™espace euro-mÃ©diterranÃ©en. Ainsi, et afin de consolider les effets positifs de ces accords de libre-Ã©change, le pays doit adopter stratÃ©gies internes de promotion des secteurs Ã©conomiques Ã fort potentiel dâ€™exportation dans la perspective de stimuler ses exportations vers ses partenaires euro-mÃ©diterranÃ©ens. This article focuses on studying the impact of Morocco’s integration process in the Euro-Mediterranean area, particularly in terms of trade, by examining the effects of the free trade policy adopted by Morocco in the EuroMediterranean area and its implication in promoting the country’s commercial potential. Through an econometric model based on the gravitational approach which seems to be of great use, the study made it possible to distinguish between the effects of the free trade agreements concluded by Morocco with the Mediterranean Arab countries and Turkey on the one hand and with the EU on the other hand. Moreover, this model helped to appreciate the interest of the gravitational variable namely the distance and its explanatory effects of intra-regional Moroccan trade. We note from this econometric study that free trade agreements have certainly contributed to the growth of Morocco’s trade with its Mediterranean partners, while other factors, which are the distance, the exchange rate and the existence of a common language, influence in a negligible positive way the commercial exchanges of Morocco in the EuroMediterranean area. In order to consolidate the positive effects of these free trade agreements, Morocco must adopt internal strategies that aim to promote economic sectors with high export potential which can lead to stimulating its exports toward its Euro-Mediterranean partners.