L’Approche Juridique, Épistémique et Finalistique du Marché Pertinent en Droits Marocain et Européen de la Concurrence : État des Lieux, Enjeux et Réflexion Prospective - El Azhary, Mohamed (European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2024)
Lâ€™exercice de la prÃ©rogative individuelle de faire concurrence nâ€™a jamais Ã©tÃ© un Ã©tat naturel dÃ©peignant les rapports entre protagonistes du marchÃ©, et la concurrence ne sâ€™affiche pas non plus comme un simple mÃ©canisme permettant dâ€™Ã©tablir la rencontre entre lâ€™offre et la demande sur un marchÃ© donnÃ©. Elle se prÃ©sente avant toute chose comme Ã©tant une confrontation et une contrainte Ã©conomique pesant aux dÃ©pens dâ€™opÃ©rateurs Ã©conomiques. Laquelle confrontation se traduisant par la prÃ©valence du Â«comportement desperadoÂ» de nuire Ã autrui Ã©tant donnÃ© quâ€™il est question tout de mÃªme dâ€™accroÃ®tre ses parts de marchÃ© Ã lâ€™insu des concurrents prÃ©sents sur un mÃªme marchÃ© pertinent. Cette confrontation faisant restrictions Ã une concurrence libre et loyale sur le marchÃ© se doit dâ€™Ãªtre apprÃ©hendÃ©e par lâ€™entremise de la rÃ¨gle de droit, via la dynamisation des dispositions dâ€™ordre public Ã©conomique instituant pour les entreprises une contrainte dâ€™ordre juridique rendant la contrainte Ã©conomique effective. Le dÃ©ploiement dâ€™une apprÃ©hension juridique cohÃ©rente des restrictions Ã une concurrence libre et loyale sur le marchÃ© prÃ©suppose au prime abord lâ€™adoption dâ€™une dÃ©marche proactive et systÃ©mique laquelle verrait dans tout Â«comportement desperadoÂ» sur le marchÃ© intÃ©rieur un outrage Ã lâ€™Ã©galitÃ© des chances entre entreprises rivales. Une restriction Ã l’accÃ¨s au marchÃ© Ã©tant considÃ©rÃ©e comme Ã©tant une menace dÃ©routante pour le libre jeu de la concurrence et constitue Ã ce titre un obstacle considÃ©rable Ã la croissance socio-Ã©conomique Ã abolir. Aussi, une approche proactive et systÃ©mique, de nature Ã contribuer Ã la prÃ©servation de lâ€™Ã©galitÃ© dans la concurrence voire Ã lâ€™exhortation du dynamisme de compÃ©tition entre les protagonistes prÃ©sents sur le marchÃ©, demeure-t-elle tributaire de lâ€™intÃ©rÃªt portÃ© Ã lâ€™acte de Â«la dÃ©finition du marchÃ© pertinentÂ» lui-mÃªme. DÃ¨s lors, sur la base dâ€™une mÃ©thodologie comparative et dialectique, la prÃ©sente Ã©tude s’inscrit dans une perspective de recherche visant Ã tracer les rebords affÃ©rents au rÃ´le jouÃ© par lâ€™acte de Â«la dÃ©finition du marchÃ© pertinentÂ» dans le dessein de la mise en exergue du droit de la concurrence. Cette Ã©tude vise pareillement Ã dÃ©mystifier les tournures Ã©pistÃ©mologiques quâ€™il faudrait mettre en Ã©vidence Ã l’Ã©chelle des autoritÃ©s de la concurrence des systÃ¨mes juridiques marocain et europÃ©en pour concrÃ©tiser tous les objectifs du pacte lÃ©gal de stabilitÃ© des entreprises sur le marchÃ© intÃ©rieur. Une Ã©tude qui mettera en exergue preuve Ã lâ€™appui trois facteurs concluants Ã prendre en ligne de mire par les autoritÃ©s de la concurrence des systÃ¨mes juridiques marocain et europÃ©en dans le contexte de lâ€™apprÃ©hension pragmatique du Â«marchÃ© pertinentÂ». Il sâ€™agit, d’une part, de lâ€™approche du Â«marchÃ© pertinentÂ» orientÃ©e vers la dÃ©marcation de Â«lâ€™environnement concurrentielÂ», notamment, Ã lâ€™aune des comportements des acteurs du marchÃ©. Il est question, d’autre part, de lâ€™approche du Â«marchÃ© pertinentÂ» rÃ©alisÃ©e par rÃ©fÃ©rence au Â«contexte temporelÂ» des Â«comportements prohibÃ©sÂ» dÃ©coulant de lâ€™entreprise se trouvant au sein de lâ€™enceinte concurrentielle, mais aussi eu Ã©gard Ã Â«la finalitÃ© intrinsÃ¨que et extrinsÃ¨queÂ» des comportements reflÃ©tant la dimension stratÃ©gique des activitÃ©s initiÃ©es par l’entreprise suspecte de fausser la concurrence sur le marchÃ© en cause. The work out of the individual prerogative to compete has never been a natural state of relations between market protagonists, nor is competition seen as a simple mechanism for bringing supply and demand together on a given market. It is first and foremost a confrontation and an economic constraint weighing on economic operators. This confrontation translates into the prevalence of Â«desperado behaviorÂ» to harm others, given that it is all about increasing market share without the knowledge of competitors present on the same relevant market. This confrontation, which restricts free and fair competition on the market, needs to be tackled through the rule of law, by revitalizing the provisions of economic public policy, which create a legal constraint for companies, making the economic constraint effective. Deploying a coherent legal approach to restrictions on free and fair competition in the market presupposes, at the outset, the adoption of a proactive and systemic approach, which would see any Â«desperado behaviorÂ» in the domestic market as an outrage against equality of opportunity between rival companies. Restrictions on market access are seen as a disturbing threat to the free play of competition, and as such constitute a considerable obstacle to socio-economic growth that needs to be abolished. A proactive, systemic approach that can help to preserve equality in competition, and even to encourage the dynamism of competition between protagonists on the market, therefore depends on a focus on the act of Â«defining the relevant marketÂ» itself. Based on a comparative and dialectical methodology, the present study is part of a research perspective aimed at outlining the role played by the act of Â«defining the relevant marketÂ» in highlighting competition law. Similarly, this study aims to demystify the epistemological twists and turns that need to be highlighted at the level of the competition authorities of the Moroccan and European legal systems in order to achieve all the objectives of the legal pact for the stability of companies in the internal market. This study will highlight three conclusive factors to be taken into account by the competition authorities of the Moroccan and European legal systems in the context of a pragmatic apprehension of Â«the relevant marketÂ». Firstly, the approach of the Â«relevant marketÂ» is geared towards demarcating the Â«competitive environmentÂ», particularly in terms of the behavior of market players. On the other hand, the Â«relevant marketÂ» approach is based on the Â«temporal contextÂ» of the Â«prohibited behaviourÂ» of the company in the competitive arena, as well as on the Â«intrinsic and extrinsic purposeÂ» of the behaviour, reflecting the strategic dimension of the activities initiated by the company suspected of distorting competition in the Â«relevant marketÂ».