La remise en cause du contrôle de pleine juridiction par la procédure en révision des jugements en droit burundais - Ndikumasabo, Noël (European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2024)
Par lâ€™effet de circonstances extraordinaires, la rÃ©vision permet de demander au juge, dans des cas limitÃ©s, Ã rÃ©examiner une dÃ©cision dÃ©finitive. Lâ€™Ã©quitÃ© procÃ©durale recommande que ce recours respecte les garanties dâ€™indÃ©pendance et dâ€™impartialitÃ©. Ces derniÃ¨res permettent de trancher, dâ€™exercer le contrÃ´le de pleine juridiction, sans aucune limite, ni influence et ingÃ©rence des forces extÃ©rieures. Pour rÃ©pondre convenablement Ã sa mission, le juge doit examiner tous les aspects litigieux aussi bien sur la forme que sur le fond. NÃ©anmoins, les articles 163 et 171 de la loi organique nÂ°1/21 du 3 aoÃ»t 2019 freinent lâ€™exercice effectif du contrÃ´le de pleine juridiction. Ces dispositions vÃ©hiculent une injonction qui oblige le magistrat du siÃ¨ge Ã statuer au fond sans analyser les conditions de recevabilitÃ© inhÃ©rentes Ã la forme. Compte tenu des avancÃ©es de la jurisprudence internationale dans l’encadrement du procÃ¨s Ã©quitable, cette injonction empÃªchant dâ€™exercer un contrÃ´le judiciaire exhaustif constitue une incohÃ©rence qui remet en question la qualitÃ© de cour ou de tribunal Ã cette juridiction suprÃªme. Il apparaÃ®t plus qu’indispensable pour le droit positif burundais dâ€™aller vers une Â« culture de sÃ©paration des pouvoirs Â», confiant la mission de rendre la justice uniquement aux cours et tribunaux, valorisant les garanties procÃ©durales et institutionnelles contenues dans la Constitution. As an extraordinary judicial procedure, revision aims to ask the judge, in limited cases, to re-examine a final decision, which has become res judicata, due to new elements. In the course of the trial, the guarantees of independence and impartiality promote the proper application of the law and the fairness of judicial proceedings. Those guarantees help the judge to handle contentious cases without any influence and interference from external forces. While accomplishing its mission, the judge must examine all the contentious aspects, both in form and in substance. However, the Supreme Courtâ€™s proceeding doesnâ€™t allow the analysis of the admissibility of the appeal for review. The judge’s competence to review the full jurisdiction is called into question by articles 163 and 171 of the Supreme Courtâ€™s law. These articles convey an injunction which obliges to judge on the merits without analyzing the conditions of admissibility. According to the international case law, this inconsistency calls into question the quality of court at this supreme jurisdiction by preventing it from exercising effective judicial control. According to the advances of the international case law in the framework of a fair trial, it seems more than essential for Burundian positive law to move towards a "culture of separation of powers" by entrusting the mission to dispense justice only to the courts and tribunals, by promoting the procedural and institutional guarantees contained in the Constitution and in the international instruments ratified by Burundi.