EVALUATION DES ACTIVITÉS ANTIMICROBIENNES DE TRIDAX PROCUMBENS (ASTERACEAE), JATROPHA MULTIFIDA (EUPHORBIACEAE) ET DE CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (ASTERACEAE)

Abstract

Tridax procumbens, Jatropha multifida and Chromolaena odorata are three ( 03) plants used in traditional medicine for treatment of some of the most common diseases in Togo . These plants have been studied for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. To this end, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of these plants were tested by the method of broth dilution coupled with the spreading on solid medium. The antimicrobial activity of three plants was assessed on three germs two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and yeast (Candida albicans). The results showed that J. multifida has a very strong inhibitory activity against C. albicans (nearly 100 %) and moderate activity on both bacteria. The three extracts of root bark of C. odorata have a significant effect on S. aureus and E. coli and lower action on C. albicans. Extracts from the leaves of T. procumbens inhibited S. aureus growing in about 98 % and E. coli to nearly 70 %. It’s activity against C. albicans is average. A basic phytochemical analysis of these extracts helped highlight tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids in the extracts of all the tested plants. These compounds would be the cause of their inhibitory effects.