EVALUATION DE L’ACTIVITE ANTIMICROBIENNE DE MOMORDICA CHARANTIA (CUCURBITACEAE), PSIDIUM GUAJAVA (MYRTACEAE) ET PTELEOPSIS SUBEROSA (COMBRETACEAE)

Abstract

Three plants [Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae); Psidium guajava (Myrtaveae) and Pteleopsis suberosa (Combretaceae)] used in traditional medicine in the management of common infections in Togo were assessed for their antimicrobial properties. To do this, the extracts of the three plants obtained by column chromatography were tested by the method of dilution in liquid medium coupled with the spreading on solid medium. A basic phytochemical analysis of these extracts has highlighted the major chemical compound. The results show that the aqueous extracts of leaves of Momordica charantia were most active against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus) with percentage of inhibition of 92.64, 91.86 and 93.57% respectively. The aqueous extract of stem bark of Pteleopsis suberosa was the most active against the yeast Candida albicans with percentage of inhibition of 80.74%. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins disclosed in these plant extracts would be the cause of the antimicrobial activities observed. These results validate the use of these plants in the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms tested.